The Supplemental Restraint System (SRS) — airbags, seat-belt pretensioners, side-curtain inflators, and the occupant-classification sensor — is the most safety-critical electrical system in the vehicle. A wrong probe on a deployment circuit can fire a squib in your face. This guide covers SRS diagnosis the right way: how the system works, how to read codes […]
The Manifold Absolute Pressure (MAP) sensor measures intake manifold pressure to tell the engine computer how much air is entering the engine. On speed-density and hybrid speed-density/MAF systems it is the primary load reference for fuel and ignition calculations, so a faulty MAP sensor distorts everything — fuel trim, timing, idle quality, transmission shift points, […]